Real Estate

Real Estate

Advisory services for the real estate sector across the entire value chain.

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We offer specialized corporate finance services in the real estate sector.

Strategy

To excel in the real estate sector, having a solid strategy is essential to maximize your investments and optimize your portfolios. To achieve this, it is recommended to develop personalized strategic and business plans that cater to your specific needs. Moreover, it is important to consider investment and divestment processes to coordinate corporate policies and plan for the growth of the sector and its branches.

Operations

We offer services related to real estate operations, such as:

  • Asset transactions (investment projects, tax planning)
  • Specialized corporate finance in real estate (purchase and sale of real estate companies, incorporation of partners, financing search)
  • Valuation (valuation of real estate according to national or international valuation standards (IVS, USPAP, ASA), valuation of real estate assets, complexes, hotels and hospitals, agricultural plantations, administrative concessions, etc
  • Due diligence

Project consullting

Feasibility studies and monitoring of real estate projects

  • Advisory on regulatory, technical, business, sectorial, and financial matters
  • Sector-specific market studies and analysis
  • Feasibility analysis of real estate projects
  • Strategies and recommendations

Real Estate services

Asset management services (administrative management of assets, accounting and budgetary control, administration and monitoring of contracts, billing and collection, taxes and fees.
Asset management (advisory and strategy in real estate investment tools, audit, design, and management of investment.)

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    Preguntas frecuentes

    ¿Qué parámetro mide mejor la creación de valor, el EVA (economic value added), el beneficio económico o el CVA (Cash value added)?2024-02-16T15:49:23-05:00

    Creacion de Valor

    El EVA (Economic Value Added), el beneficio económico y el CVA (Cash Value Added) son todos parámetros utilizados para evaluar la creación de valor en una empresa, pero cada uno se enfoca en diferentes aspectos y tiene sus propias ventajas y limitaciones. Aquí hay una breve descripción de cada uno:

    1. EVA (Economic Value Added): El EVA es una medida de desempeño financiero que se centra en la generación de valor para los accionistas. Se calcula restando el costo de capital (costo de los recursos utilizados para financiar las operaciones) del beneficio operativo neto después de impuestos. El EVA se considera una medida de creación de valor porque muestra cuánto valor se ha generado por encima del costo de los recursos utilizados. Es una medida popular entre los analistas financieros y los ejecutivos para evaluar la eficiencia en el uso de los recursos de una empresa.
    2. Beneficio económico: El beneficio económico es una medida similar al EVA en el sentido de que también se centra en la creación de valor para los accionistas. Se calcula restando el costo del capital empleado (que puede ser el costo de capital propio o el costo de capital promedio ponderado) del beneficio neto después de impuestos. Al igual que el EVA, el beneficio económico indica cuánto valor se ha creado para los accionistas después de tener en cuenta el costo de los recursos utilizados.
    3. CVA (Cash Value Added): El CVA se enfoca en la generación de valor en términos de flujo de efectivo. Se calcula restando el costo del capital del flujo de efectivo operativo neto. A diferencia del EVA y el beneficio económico, que se basan en medidas contables, el CVA se centra en el flujo de efectivo real generado por la empresa. Esto puede ser útil para evaluar la solidez financiera de una empresa y su capacidad para generar efectivo.

    En cuanto a cuál de estos parámetros mide mejor la creación de valor, no hay una respuesta definitiva, ya que depende del contexto y de las preferencias de los inversores y analistas. Algunos podrían preferir el EVA o el beneficio económico por su enfoque en la rentabilidad contable, mientras que otros podrían favorecer el CVA por su énfasis en el flujo de efectivo. En general, es útil considerar múltiples medidas de creación de valor para obtener una imagen completa del desempeño financiero de una empresa.

    References

    Interesting pages. https://www.investing.com/ https://www.nyse.com/index | https://hbr.org/ | SEC | Harvard Business Review

    Finanzas corporativas en línea: https://avacum.com | Corporate finance advisory https://pdv-a.com Para una mayor información: Info@pdv-a.com

    WhatsApp: +52.1.5525338703

    Sobre cursos de finanzas y contenidos: info@akademiun.com | https://akademiun.com

    El valor contable de las acciones, ¿es la mejor aproximación a su valor?2024-02-16T15:24:11-05:00

    El valor contable de las acciones, también conocido como valor contable por acción, representa el valor contable total de una empresa dividido por el número de acciones en circulación.

    Este valor se calcula utilizando el balance general de la empresa y refleja principalmente los activos, pasivos y el patrimonio neto de la empresa.

    Valor contable

    Sin embargo, el valor contable de las acciones no siempre es la mejor aproximación de su valor real o intrínseco. Hay varias razones para esto:

    • Valoración basada en costos históricos: El valor contable se basa en los costos históricos de los activos de la empresa, lo que puede no reflejar su valor de mercado actual. Por ejemplo, un activo que ha aumentado significativamente de valor desde su adquisición aún se reflejará en el balance con su valor original.
    • No considera activos intangibles: El valor contable no incluye activos intangibles como la reputación de la marca, la propiedad intelectual o el capital humano, que pueden ser valiosos para una empresa pero no están reflejados en sus libros contables.
    • No refleja el potencial de crecimiento futuro: El valor contable no tiene en cuenta el potencial de crecimiento futuro de una empresa. El valor de una empresa puede estar influenciado por su capacidad para generar ingresos y ganancias en el futuro, lo cual no está reflejado en el valor contable.
    • Mercado eficiente: En un mercado eficiente, el precio de mercado de las acciones reflejará toda la información disponible sobre la empresa, incluyendo su valor contable pero también otros factores como las expectativas de crecimiento futuro, la competencia, y las condiciones macroeconómicas. Por lo tanto, el precio de mercado puede diferir significativamente del valor contable.

    En resumen, si bien el valor contable proporciona una medida importante del valor de una empresa en términos contables, no es necesariamente la mejor aproximación de su valor real o intrínseco. Los inversionistas suelen considerar una variedad de métricas y factores adicionales al evaluar el valor de las acciones de una empresa.

    References

    Interesting pages. https://www.investing.com/ https://www.nyse.com/index | https://hbr.org/ | SEC | Harvard Business Review

    Finanzas corporativas en línea: https://avacum.com | Corporate finance advisory https://pdv-a.com Para una mayor información: Info@pdv-a.com

    WhatsApp: +52.1.5525338703

    Sobre cursos de finanzas y contenidos: info@akademiun.com | https://akademiun.com

    I want to sell a company, what should I do?2023-03-16T15:59:40-05:00

    Many shareholders and entrepreneurs, for various reasons, reach a point where they want to sell a company, its shares, etc., and a multitude of questions arise:

    • What is the real value of my company and how do I determine it?

    • How do I find potential buyers for my company?

    • What financial documents and records do I need for the sale of my company?

    • How can I maximize the value of my company before selling it?

    • How do I handle negotiations and the sales process itself?

    • What should I do if there are multiple buyers interested in my company?

    • How will the sale of my company affect my employees and customers?

    • What are the legal risks and responsibilities I assume when selling my company?

    • What options do I have if I can't find buyers willing to pay the price I want for my company?

    Selling a company is a process.

    All of these questions require a timely answer, and too many first-time entrepreneurs are unprepared for the sale of their business. What should be a happy and satisfying event often becomes frustrating or disappointing.

    Three tips have been identified for those who may be planning to sell a company:

    • Seek clarity about the purpose of your life. Ultimately, the greatest cause of regret for the seller is when the entrepreneur's life feels directionless after the sale.

    • Work on your business. The daily grind of running a business often distracts entrepreneurs from the important work they should be doing.

    • Plan for a sale in advance, even if you're not sure you want to sell. This will ensure that your business follows a healthy trajectory and that you and your team are focused and accountable.

    Selling a company is a complex process that requires time and careful planning. Below are some steps that can help you get started:

    • Determine the value of your company: Before putting your company up for sale, it is important to evaluate its value to establish a fair price. This involves evaluating assets, income, expenses, and other relevant factors. You can hire a company valuation specialist to assist you with this process.

    • Prepare the necessary documentation: You will need to gather all documentation related to the company, such as financial statements, ownership agreements, contracts, tax records, and any other relevant documents.

    • Find a buyer: You can try to sell your company through a brokerage agency or by directly contacting potential buyers. You can also post an ad online or in specialized publications.

    • Negotiate the terms of the sale: Once you have found an interested buyer, it is important to negotiate the terms of the sale. This includes the sale price, payment method, delivery conditions, among other aspects.

    • Complete the sale: Once you have reached an agreement with the buyer, you will need to complete the sale. This includes transferring ownership and delivering all documents and assets related to the company.

    It is important to note that the process of selling a company can be complex and requires time and careful planning. You may consider working with a lawyer or financial advisor to assist you in the process and ensure that all details are handled properly.

    Should I hire an advisor to help me with the sales process?

    Hiring a mergers and acquisitions advisor to assist in the sale of a company can be a good option for many business owners. Both professionals can provide valuable expertise and help ensure that the sale is conducted effectively and fairly.

    An advisor can provide a wide range of services, including company valuation, finding potential buyers, presenting the company to buyers, and managing the entire sales process. A mergers and acquisitions advisor can also help maximize the value of the company before the sale, which can result in a higher sale price.

    In conclusion

    Contratar a un asesor de fusiones y adquisiciones puede ser una inversión valiosa para garantizar una venta exitosa y justa de una empresa. Es importante investigar y seleccionar cuidadosamente a un profesional con experiencia y reputación probada en ventas de negocios para asegurarse de obtener el mejor resultado posible.

     

    Hiring a mergers and acquisitions advisor can be a valuable

     

    References

    Gestión de contenidos | https://hbr.org | Métodos de valoración de empresa | Valoración de empresas online | Cómo hacer que vender su negocio sea una experiencia satisfactoria
    What is the difference between value and price?2023-03-16T20:58:46-05:00

    A common question among economics and finance students and professionals is the difference between value and price. At first glance, common sense tells us that there is a difference, but it is often difficult to express it with arguments.

    In economics, the market constantly proposes a difference between value and price. Markets are fundamental for conducting transactions, and their function is to determine the price of goods. But what happens when there is no market and we must determine the price of a good?

    The market constantly proposes a difference between value and price.

    En ese caso, se lleva a cabo un proceso de valoración que posteriormente, en el proceso de negociación, se convierte en un precio. Como dijo Warren Buffett, «el precio es lo que pagas y el valor es lo que recibes». La diferencia entre valor y precio es fundamental para entender las inversiones en los mercados financieros.

    Most owners and managers of medium-sized private businesses (both family-owned and non-family-owned) operate day-to-day without a clear understanding of the difference between price and value. Unlike their counterparts that trade on the stock exchange, they do not have the benefit of daily automatic valuation based on the price of shares, nor do they have teams of corporate strategy executives prepared to analyze value creation.

    Many leaders of medium-sized companies also see third-party valuations as complicated, time-consuming, intrusive, and costly. Therefore, they only carry them out when necessary, for example, when seeking capital for growth. If you are the owner or manager of a medium-sized company, it is imperative that you conduct a detailed valuation at least once a year.

    This could prevent you from spending precious resources on attracting the wrong customers, trying to grow areas of your business that are inevitably in decline, and not recognizing and investing in your areas of greatest opportunity. In addition, if approached by a buyer interested in acquiring your company, you will be prepared to respond and negotiate. The authors present an easier and more accessible method for valuing your company.

    Markets are constantly valuing goods and arriving at prices, while analysts are constantly valuing investments and arriving at values.

    Difference between value and price

    En el contexto de la economía (la diferencia entre valor y precio)y las finanzas, el término «valor» se refiere a la utilidad o importancia que se le atribuye a un bien o servicio. Este valor puede ser subjetivo y estar determinado por la percepción individual de cada persona, o bien puede ser objetivo y estar determinado por factores como la oferta y la demanda, los costos de producción, la calidad del bien, entre otros.

    El término «valor» se refiere a la utilidad o importancia que se le atribuye a un bien o servicio.

    • In general, value is expressed in monetary terms, such as the price at which the good or service is sold in the market. However, value can also be non-monetary, as in the case of personal use goods that have sentimental or emotional value for the owner.

    It is important to note that value (the difference between value and price) can vary over time and in different situations, and that its determination is fundamental in the decision-making of economic agents, such as consumers, producers, and investors.

    The price refers to the monetary value assigned to a good or service in the market, that is, the amount of money that must be paid to acquire it.

    • Price refers to the monetary value assigned to a good or service in the market, that is, the amount of money that must be paid to acquire it.
    • Price is determined by various factors, including the supply and demand of the good or service, production costs, competition, and other external factors such as government regulations, economic fluctuations, and changes in consumer preferences. Price is a key factor in the decision-making of economic agents, as it influences the amount of goods or services that are bought or sold. In some cases, the price can be used as an indicator of the quality or perceived value of the good or service, although in other cases, the price may not fully reflect these factors.
    In conclusion

    El resumen, la diferencia entre valor y precio en el contexto de la economía y las finanzas. Aunque a menudo se utilizan indistintamente, el valor se refiere a la utilidad o importancia que se le atribuye a un bien o servicio, mientras que el precio se refiere al valor monetario asignado a un bien o servicio en el mercado.

    En ausencia de un mercado, se realiza un proceso de valoración para determinar el valor de un bien, que luego se convierte en precio durante la negociación. La determinación del valor es fundamental en la toma de decisiones económicas, como la inversión y la gestión empresarial, y puede ser subjetivo u objetivo. Los factores que influyen en el precio incluyen la oferta y la demanda, los costos de producción, la competencia y otros factores externos.

     

    PDV-a assists you with your corporate finance advisory needs PDVa Value to businesso

    References

    https://akademiun.com | https://avacum.com | https://hbr.org

    Casos de estudio

    Difference between value and price: Do You Know How Much Your Business Is Worth?

    What is a fairness opinion?2023-03-17T15:38:38-05:00

    La «fairness opinion» u «opinión independiente y experta» es una herramienta que permite proteger a los ejecutivos directivos y accionistas en ciertas transacciones, al proporcionar una evaluación imparcial y especializada del precio adecuado. Esta opinión es validada a nivel internacional y se ajusta a normas específicas para garantizar transparencia en las transacciones.

    In an increasingly complex market, with changing regulations and rules, it is crucial to have the support of experts who can offer independent opinions on specific actions.

    «Fairness opinion u opinión independiente» se convierte en un factor clave para asegurar la integridad de las transacciones.

    In other words, through an independent opinion, it is sought to evaluate whether the price offered in a transaction is reasonable and fair, based on a variety of factors such as market value, financial performance, future growth potential, and other relevant factors.

    The independent opinion is carried out by a specialized and accredited firm, which has the experience and necessary knowledge to conduct an impartial and objective evaluation of the transaction. The independent opinion may be requested by one or both parties involved in the transaction and is especially useful in protecting executive directors and shareholders, ensuring that the transaction is fair and equitable.

    La «fairness opinion» es una herramienta que permite evaluar si el precio ofrecido en una transacción es justo y adecuado. Esta opinión independiente es validada a nivel internacional y se ajusta a normas específicas para garantizar transparencia en las transacciones. Es realizada por una firma especializada y acreditada y puede ser solicitada por una o ambas partes involucradas. Una opinión independiente  es crucial para asegurar la integridad de las transacciones y proteger a los ejecutivos directivos y accionistas.

    International Standards that Conform to the Fairness Opinion

    El «fairness opinion» es una evaluación profesional realizada por un asesor financiero independiente que evalúa si el precio de una transacción propuesta es justo desde un punto de vista financiero. Aunque no existe una norma internacional específica que se ajuste al «fairness opinion», hay varias normas y lineamientos internacionales que pueden ser relevantes, tales como:

    1. Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera (NIIF): Las NIIF son un conjunto de normas contables internacionales que establecen los principios contables y de presentación de informes financieros. Las NIIF pueden ser relevantes para una «fairness opinion» si la transacción propuesta involucra la contabilidad o presentación de informes financieros.
    2. Código de Ética para Contadores Profesionales de la International Federation of Accountants (IFAC): El Código de Ética para Contadores Profesionales establece los principios éticos que deben seguir los contadores profesionales. El código puede ser relevante para una «fairness opinion» porque establece estándares para la independencia y objetividad.
    3. Código de Conducta de la Asociación Internacional de Analistas Financieros (CFA): El Código de Conducta de la Asociación Internacional de Analistas Financieros establece los estándares éticos que deben seguir los analistas financieros. El código puede ser relevante para una «fairness opinion» porque establece estándares para la independencia y objetividad.
    4. Lineamientos para la Evaluación de Transacciones de Fusión y Adquisición de la Asociación de Contadores Públicos Certificados (AICPA): La AICPA ha desarrollado lineamientos para la evaluación de transacciones de fusión y adquisición, que pueden ser relevantes para una «fairness opinion» porque establecen los estándares que deben seguir los asesores financieros independientes en la evaluación de la transacción propuesta.

    Es importante destacar que, aunque estas normas y lineamientos pueden ser útiles en la evaluación de una «fairness opinion», no son obligatorias y la evaluación debe adaptarse a las circunstancias específicas de cada transacción propuesta.

    Definition of Fairness Opinion according to ASA

    Según la American Society of Appraisers (ASA), una «fairness opinion» es una evaluación realizada por un experto independiente que evalúa si los términos y condiciones de una transacción propuesta son justos desde el punto de vista financiero para todas las partes involucradas.

    En otras palabras, una «fairness opinion» es un informe elaborado por un especialista en valoración que evalúa si los términos de una operación comercial son justos para todas las partes involucradas. Estos informes pueden ser requeridos por los accionistas, la gerencia, los compradores o los vendedores para asegurarse de que las condiciones de la transacción sean justas y equitativas para todas las partesD

    Definition of Fairness Opinion according to SEC

    Según la Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), una «fairness opinion» es un informe emitido por un asesor financiero independiente que evalúa si el precio y las condiciones de una transacción propuesta son justos, desde el punto de vista financiero, para los accionistas de la empresa que está siendo adquirida o vendida.

    La SEC requiere que las empresas que cotizan en bolsa proporcionen una «fairness opinion» en determinadas transacciones importantes, como fusiones y adquisiciones, para ayudar a los accionistas a tomar decisiones informadas sobre si deben o no apoyar la transacción. El informe debe ser elaborado por un experto independiente y estar basado en un análisis financiero detallado que incluya un análisis de la empresa, de la industria y del mercado en el que opera.

    Definition of Fairness Opinion according to USGAAP

    El US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (USGAAP) no tiene una definición específica para la «fairness opinion», ya que no es un término contable ni financiero reconocido. Sin embargo, en el contexto de las transacciones empresariales, una «fairness opinion» es una opinión emitida por un experto independiente que evalúa si el precio y las condiciones de una transacción propuesta son justos desde el punto de vista financiero para todas las partes involucradas, incluyendo los accionistas y otros interesados en la transacción.

    En general, una «fairness opinion» se basa en un análisis detallado de los estados financieros y los datos relevantes de la empresa, así como en una evaluación del valor de mercado de la empresa y de la transacción propuesta en comparación con transacciones similares en la misma industria. El objetivo de una «fairness opinion» es ayudar a las partes interesadas a tomar decisiones informadas sobre la transacción y a mitigar el riesgo de litigios futuros en caso de que alguno de los interesados considere que no se han cumplido los términos justos de la transacción.

    In conclusion

    En resumen «fairness opinion», que es una herramienta que permite evaluar si el precio ofrecido en una transacción es justo y adecuado. Se trata de una opinión independiente y experta que es validada a nivel internacional y que se ajusta a normas específicas para garantizar transparencia en las transacciones. Esta opinión es realizada por una firma especializada y acreditada que tiene la experiencia y los conocimientos necesarios para realizar una evaluación imparcial y objetiva de la transacción. El texto también menciona normas internacionales que se ajustan al fairness opinion, como las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera (NIIF), el Código de Ética para Contadores Profesionales de la International Federation of Accountants (IFAC), el Código de Conducta de la Asociación Internacional de Analistas Financieros (CFA) y los Lineamientos para la Evaluación de Transacciones de Fusión y Adquisición de la Asociación de Contadores Públicos Certificados (AICPA).

     

    PDV-a assists you with your corporate finance advisory needs PDVa Value to businesso

    References

    https://akademiun.com | https://avacum.com | https://hbr.org

    Casos de estudio

    The Awareness Doctrine

    What is Business Valuation?2023-03-16T16:00:15-05:00

    Business valuation is the process of determining the value of a company or business based on its financial situation, assets, liabilities, income and expenses, market position, management team, business model, and other relevant factors.

    Business valuation can have different objectives, such as selling the company, merging with another company, obtaining financing, or estate planning. Overall, business valuation is important because it provides information about the company's financial situation and growth potential, and can be critical in situations such as the sale of a company or obtaining financing.

    Why do we perform business valuation?

    Business valuation is performed for various reasons, including:

    • Sale of the company: If the owners of the company are considering selling it, they need to know its current value to establish a fair and attractive price for potential buyers.
    • Merger or acquisition: If the company is considering merging with another company or acquiring another company, it needs to know the value of both companies to determine the terms and conditions of the transaction.
    • Obtaining financing: If the company needs to obtain financing from investors or lenders, it needs to demonstrate its value and ability to generate income to obtain better terms and conditions.
    • Estate planning: Business valuation is important in estate planning, as it allows owners to determine the value of their assets and plan for succession.

    Overall, business valuation helps owners, investors, and other stakeholders understand the value of the company and make informed decisions about its future.

    The Importance of Knowing the Value of a Company or Business

    Knowing the value of a company or business is of great importance for several reasons:

    • Decision making: Business valuation provides key information for making strategic and operational decisions. For example, it can help owners decide whether to sell the company, merge with another company, acquire new investments, or seek financing.
    • Commercial transactions: Valuation is also important in commercial transactions, such as the sale or purchase of a company or business. In this case, knowing the value of the company is essential for establishing a fair price and reaching an agreement between the parties.
    • Financing: Financial institutions and investors often require a valuation of the company or business before granting financing or investing in a company. Valuation provides important information for determining the company's potential to generate profits and pay off debts.
    • Financial planning: Valuation is also important for financial planning, as it provides information about the owner's wealth and the taxes that must be paid in the event of a sale or transfer of the company.

    Knowing the value of a company or business is fundamental to making strategic and operational decisions, commercial transactions, financing, and financial planning.

    In conclusion

    Business valuation involves determining its value based on financial, market, and other relevant factors. This valuation can have different objectives, such as sale, merger, financing, or estate planning. Knowing the value of a company is important because it allows for informed and strategic decision-making in commercial situations, such as the sale or purchase of a company, and is essential for obtaining financing or investment. Additionally, valuation provides valuable information for financial planning and tax determination.

     

    PDV-a Te ayuda en la valoración de tus activos (tangibles o intangibles) y de los negocios en marcha (Empresa) | email: info@pdv.acom

    References

    American Society of Appraisers, ASA Business Valuation, Standards | WORLD BANK GROUP, EVALUATION PRINCIPLES | ISO 10668:2010 establece los principios fundamentales de la valoración | Online company valuation. | Content management | Ponte en contacto email: info@akademiun.com |

     

    How to Value a Company?2023-03-16T13:25:55-05:00

    It is important to follow a staged process when valuing a company as it allows for a rigorous, detailed, and objective evaluation of the business.

    Each stage of the process allows for the collection of specific and relevant information, and the application of appropriate valuation techniques and methods to obtain a precise and reliable result. Additionally, a structured process helps to identify possible risks and challenges that may arise during the valuation and take preventive measures to mitigate them. It also allows for clear documentation and communication of the valuation results to stakeholders, which can be critical in situations such as the sale of a company or obtaining financing.

    Company Valuation Process

    The process of valuing a company generally involves the following steps and stages:

    1. Identify the purpose of the valuation: This determines the approach that will be taken. The purpose may be the sale of the company, merger with another company, obtaining financing, estate planning, among others.
    2. Obtain information about the company: In this stage, information about the company is collected, including its financial history, assets, liabilities, income, expenses, market position, management team, business model, among others.
    3. Select valuation method: The most appropriate valuation method for the company in question is then selected. Common methods include the income approach, asset approach, and market approach.
    4. Make adjustments and projections: In this stage, adjustments are made to the company's financial data to reflect its true value, and financial projections are made for the future.
    5. Determine the value of the company: Using the selected valuation method and adjusted and projected data, the value of the company is determined.
    6. Document the valuation report: Once the valuation is completed, the valuation report must be documented, including the methodology used, financial data, assumptions, and results.
    7. Communicate the valuation report: The valuation report must be communicated to relevant stakeholders, such as company owners, investors, lenders, etc.

    It is important to note that each valuation is unique, and the process may vary depending on the circumstances and specific objectives of the company.

    International Standards

    ISO 10668:2010 establishes principles and requirements for the valuation of financial and non-financial assets, including the valuation of companies and businesses. This standard is based on the concept of value, defined as the price that an informed and motivated buyer would be willing to pay to acquire the asset in question in a free and voluntary transaction in the marke

    ISO 10668:2010 establishes the fundamental principles of valuation, such as objectivity, transparency, integrity, impartiality, and competence. It also sets out the requirements for valuation reports, which must include information on the methodology used, financial data, assumptions, and results.

    ISO 10668:2010 is a useful tool for companies looking to perform a rigorous and reliable valuation of their financial and non-financial assets, including the valuation of companies and businesses. Adopting this standard can help ensure that the valuation is conducted fairly and objectively, which can be especially important in situations such as the sale of a company or obtaining financing.

    In conclusion

    Valuing a company involves identifying the purpose, collecting information, selecting the appropriate method, making adjustments and projections, determining value, documenting the report, and communicating it to stakeholders. Each valuation is unique, and the process may vary depending on the circumstances and specific objectives.

     

    PDV-a Te ayuda en la valoración de tus activos (tangibles o intangibles) y de los negocios en marcha (Empresa) | email: info@pdv.acom

    References

    American Society of Appraisers, ASA Business Valuation, Standards | WORLD BANK GROUP, EVALUATION PRINCIPLES | ISO 10668:2010 establece los principios fundamentales de la valoración | Online company valuation. | Content management | Ponte en contacto email: info@akademiun.com |

     

     

    What business valuation methods exist?2023-03-14T17:03:17-05:00

    When it comes to valuing assets or properties (business valuation), it is important to understand the difference between value and price.

    Price is established by the market, based on supply and demand, and is reflected in transactions, such as those that occur on the stock market. On the other hand, value is determined by applying business valuation methods that, under certain assumptions, give us an approximation of the price.

    To determine the value of an asset, three business valuation principles can be used:

    • Cost-based method, The cost method is an accounting technique used to determine the value of an asset or liability. This business valuation method is based on the accounting principle that the value of an asset is equal to the cost incurred to acquire or produce it. The cost method is commonly used in inventory and fixed asset accounting. In the case of inventory, cost is determined by the purchase price of the products, production costs, and distribution expenses. In the case of fixed assets, cost includes the purchase price, transportation, installation and improvements costs, as well as any other expenses related to the acquisition of the asset.
    • Market-based method: The market valuation method is a technique used to determine the value of an asset or a company based on observed market prices for similar assets or companies. This method is based on the principle that the value of an asset or company is equal to the price a buyer would be willing to pay for it in a free and competitive market. In the case of an asset, the market valuation method involves comparing the price of the asset to observed market prices for similar assets. For example, if you want to value a house, you can compare the price of the house to prices of other similar houses in the same area. In the case of a company, the market valuation method involves comparing the price of the company to observed market prices for similar companies. For example, if you want to value a technology company, you can compare the price of the company to market prices of other similar technology companies. The market valuation method is a useful technique for determining the value of an asset or company when there is sufficient information on market prices of similar assets or companies. However, finding exactly comparable assets or companies in all aspects can be difficult, which can limit the accuracy of the valuation.
    • Income-based method: A technique used to estimate the value of a company, asset, or project based on its ability to generate income in the future. This approach is based on the premise that the value of an asset or company is directly related to its ability to generate cash flows.

    In conclusion, it is essential to apply valuation principles to determine the value of an asset or property, and it is essential to understand the difference between value and price when doing so.

    Note: Business valuation principles are a set of guidelines that establish the basis for determining the value of an asset or a company. These principles are important to ensure that business valuation is objective, fair, and accurate. The valuation principles may vary depending on the type of asset or company being valued. Business valuation principles are crucial to ensuring that valuation is conducted fairly, objectively, and accurately, and to ensure that investors and other stakeholders can rely on the results.

     

    PDV-a helps you with the valuation of your assets (tangible or intangible) and operating businesses (company).

    Other data

    American Society of Appraisers, ASA Business Valuation, Standards

    WORLD BANK GROUP, EVALUATION PRINCIPLES

     

     

    Insight

    Corporate Finance, Real Estate

    Corporate finance is a critical area within the real estate sector and is fundamental to the success of companies operating in this market. Within the real estate sector, corporate finance focuses on managing a company's financial resources and maximizing value for shareholders and investors.

    Corporate finance in real estate may involve identifying and evaluating investment opportunities, structuring financing, managing risks, valuing assets, analyzing profitability, and portfolio management. It may also involve negotiating deals, acquiring and selling properties, managing lease agreements, and managing treasury and cash flows

    One of the key considerations in corporate finance within the real estate sector is the use of financial leverage, or the use of debt to finance projects. While leverage can increase potential investment returns, it also increases risk, which can be particularly important in the real estate sector, which is highly sensitive to economic cycles.

    Additionally, in the real estate sector, property values can fluctuate significantly based on factors such as location, supply and demand, and general economic conditions. Therefore, corporate finance within the real estate sector may also involve market risk analysis and management.

    Overall, corporate finance is an essential element in the success of real estate companies, and professionals in this field must have a solid understanding of financial and investment principles to make informed decisions and maximize value for shareholders and investors.

    References

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